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All Systems Operational

Chemistry syllabus for JAMB UTME | Learn | Learn by Rightal

JAMB UTME subject

Chemistry

JAMB UTME

603 topics sit in this subject for JAMB UTME.

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Topics with a public outline

Hydrogen
Commercial production from water gas and cracking of petroleum fractions, laboratory preparation, properties, uses and test for hydrogen.
Phenomena Supporting Kinetic Theory
Melting, vaporization, boiling, freezing, condensation in terms of molecular motion and Brownian movement.
Separation of Mixtures and Purification of Chemical Substances
This module introduces pure and impure substances, and methods for separating mixtures.
Energy Changes (ΔH) Accompanying Physical and Chemical Changes
Dissolution of substances in/or reaction with water e.g. Na, NaOH, K, NH4Cl. Endothermic (+ΔH) and exothermic (-ΔH) reactions.
Unsaturated, Saturated, and Supersaturated Solutions
Solubility curves and simple deductions (solubility defined in terms of mole per dm³) and simple calculations.

Natural Gaseous Constituents and Proportion

Nitrogen, oxygen, water vapour, carbon (IV) oxide and the noble gases (argon and neon).

Air Pollution

Examples of air pollutants such as H2S, CO, SO2, oxides of nitrogen, chlorofluorocarbons and dust.

Chemical Combination

This module explores fundamental laws of chemical combination and the quantitative aspects of chemical reactions.

General Formula, IUPAC Nomenclature and Empirical Formula

Determination of empirical formula for each class of organic compounds mentioned below.

Halogens - Chlorine

Laboratory preparation, industrial preparation by electrolysis, properties and uses, e.g. water sterilization, bleaching, manufacture of HCl, plastics and insecticides.

Effect of Concentration/Pressure on Reaction Rate

E.g. the reaction between HCl and Na2S2O3, HCl and marble and the iodine clock reaction. For gaseous systems, pressure may be used as concentration term.

Kinetic Theory of Matter and Gas Laws

This module covers the kinetic theory of matter, gas laws, and related calculations.

True Solutions, Suspensions, and Colloids

Properties and examples including Harmattan haze, water paints (suspensions) and fog, milk, aerosol spray, emulsion paints, rubber solution (colloids).

Aliphatic Hydrocarbons - Alkanes

Homologous series in relation to physical properties, substitution reaction and a few examples and uses of halogenated products. Isomerism: structural only (examples on isomerism should not go beyond six carbon atoms).

Sodium Hydroxide

Production by electrolysis of brine, its action on aluminium, zinc and lead ions. Uses including precipitation of metallic hydroxides.

Spontaneity of Reactions

ΔG° = 0 as a criterion for equilibrium, ΔG greater or less than zero as a criterion for non-spontaneity or spontaneity respectively.

Effect of Surface Area on Reaction Rate

E.g. the reaction between marble and HCl with marble in powdered form vs. lumps of the same mass.

Use of Oxidation Numbers

Oxidation and reduction treated as change in oxidation number and use of oxidation numbers in balancing simple equations.

Atomic Structure and Bonding

This module delves into atomic structure, the periodic table, chemical bonding, and nuclear chemistry.

Petroleum

Composition, fractional distillation and major products; cracking and reforming, petrochemicals – starting materials of organic syntheses, quality of petrol and meaning of octane number.

Sodium Trioxocarbonate (IV) and Sodium Hydrogen Trioxocarbonate (IV)

Production by Solvay process, properties and uses, e.g. Na2CO3 in the manufacture of glass.

The Periodic Table and Periodicity of Elements

Presentation of the periodic table, families of elements (alkali metals, halogens, noble gases, transition metals). Variation of properties: ionization energy, ionic radii, electron affinity, electronegativity.

Chemical Bonding

Electrovalency and covalency, electron configuration and noble gas structure. Hydrogen bonding, metallic bonding, coordinate bond (e.g., [Fe(CN)6]³⁻, [Fe(CN)6]⁴⁻, [Cu(NH3)4]²⁺, [Ag(NH3)2]⁺). Van der Waals' forces.

Separation Processes

Evaporation, simple and fractional distillation, sublimation, filtration, crystallization, paper and column chromatography, simple and fractional crystallization, magnetization, decantation.

Oxygen

Laboratory preparation, properties and uses. Commercial production from liquid air.

Sodium Chloride

Its occurrence in sea water and uses, the economic importance of sea water and the recovery of sodium chloride.

Alkenes

Isomerism: structural and geometric isomerism, addition and polymerization reactions, polythene and synthetic rubber as examples of products of polymerization and its use in vulcanization.

Acid Definition

A substance whose aqueous solution furnishes H3O⁺ ions or a proton donor. Ethanoic, citric and tartaric acids as examples of naturally occurring organic acids.

Alkynes - Ethyne

Production from action of water on carbides, simple reactions and properties of ethyne.

Water

This module examines water's composition, properties, hardness, treatment, and related phenomena.

Shapes of Simple Molecules

Linear (H2, O2, Cl2, HCl, CO2), non-linear (H2O), tetrahedral (CH4), pyramidal (NH3).

Activation Energy

Qualitative treatment of Arrhenius' law and the collision theory, effect of light on some reactions e.g. halogenation of alkanes.

Alkaline-Earth Metals (e.g. Calcium)

Calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide and calcium trioxocarbonate (IV); properties and uses.

Solubility

This module explores different types of solutions, solubility curves, and the properties of true and false solutions.

Alkanols

Primary, secondary, tertiary – production of ethanol by fermentation and from petroleum by-products. Local examples of fermentation and distillation, e.g. gin from palm wine and other local sources and glycerol as a polyhydric alkanol.

Environmental Pollution

This module addresses the sources, effects, and types of environmental pollution.

Nuclear Chemistry - Nuclear Reactions

Simple equations, uses and applications of natural and artificial radioactivity.

Reactions of OH Group

Oxidation as a distinguishing test among primary, secondary and tertiary alkanols (Lucas test).

Uses of Electrolysis

Purification of metals e.g. copper and production of elements and compounds (Al, Na, O2, Cl2 and NaOH).

Acids, Bases and Salts

This module covers the characteristics, properties, and uses of acids, bases, and salts.

Electrochemical Cells

Electrochemical series (K, Ca, Na, Mg, Al, Zn, Fe, Sn, Pb, H, Cu, Hg, Ag, Au), half-cell reactions and electrode potentials (simple calculations only).

Aluminium

Purification of bauxite, electrolytic extraction, properties and uses of aluminium and its compounds. Test for Al³⁺.

Oxidation and Reduction - Redox

This module defines oxidation and reduction, and applies these concepts to chemical reactions and nomenclature.

Alkanoic Acids

Chemical reactions; neutralization and esterification, ethanedioic (oxalic) acid as an example of a dicarboxylic acid and benzene carboxylic acid as an example of an aromatic acid.

Electrolysis

This module covers electrolytes, Faraday's laws, practical applications of electrolysis, and electrochemical cells.

Tetraoxosulphate (VI) Acid

Commercial preparation (contact process only), properties as a dilute acid, an oxidizing and a dehydrating agent and uses. Test for SO4²⁻.

Energy Changes

This module introduces energy changes in chemical and physical processes, entropy, and spontaneity of reactions.

Hydrogen Sulphide

Preparation and properties as a weak acid, reducing and precipitating agents. Test for S²⁻.

Metals of the First Transition Series - Characteristic Properties

Electron configuration, oxidation states, complex ion formation, formation of coloured ions, catalysis.

Corrosion Prevention

Painting, electroplating and coating with grease or oil as ways of preventing iron from corrosion.

Saponification

Production of soap and margarine from alkanoates and distinction between detergents and soaps.

Iron

Extraction from sulphide and oxide ores, properties and uses, different forms of iron and their properties and advantages of steel over iron. Test for Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺.

Rates of Chemical Reaction

This module explores factors influencing reaction rates, reaction rate curves, and activation energy.

Copper

Extraction from sulphide and oxide ores, properties and uses of copper. Preparation and uses of copper (II) Tetraoxosulphate (VI). Test for Cu²⁺.

Chemical Equilibria

This module examines reversible reactions, equilibrium factors, and Le Chatelier's principle.

Carbohydrates

Classification – mono-, di- and polysaccharides; composition, chemical tests for simple sugars and reaction with concentrated tetraoxosulphate (VI) acid.

Ammonia

Laboratory and industrial preparations (Haber Process only), properties and uses, ammonium salts and their uses, oxidation of ammonia to nitrogen (IV) oxide and trioxonitrate (V) acid. Test for NH4⁺.

Non-metals and Their Compounds

This module details the preparation, properties, and uses of common non-metals and their compounds.

Alloys

Steel, stainless steel, brass, bronze, type-metal, duralumin, soft solder, permallory and alnico (constituents and uses only).

Metals and Their Compounds

This module covers the general properties of metals, and specific details for alkali metals, alkaline-earth metals, aluminium, tin, transition metals, iron, copper, and alloys.

Organic Compounds

This module introduces the tetravalency of carbon and details various classes of organic compounds including hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters, amines, carbohydrates, proteins, and polymers.

Chemistry and Industry

This module covers types of chemical industries, their raw materials, relevance, and biotechnology.

Proteins

Primary structures, hydrolysis and tests (Ninhydrin, Biuret, Millon's and xanthoproteic).

Polymers

Natural and synthetic rubber; addition and condensation polymerization. Methods of preparation, examples and uses.

Carbon (IV) Oxide

Laboratory preparation, properties and uses. Action of heat on trioxocarbonate (IV) salts and test for CO3²⁻.

Carbon (II) Oxide

Laboratory preparation, properties including its effect on blood; sources to include charcoal, fire and exhaust fumes.

Coal

Different types, products obtained from destructive distillation of wood and coal.