General Wood Work

course outline

Topics

• List, name and identify sources of hazards, accidents and safety wears and equipment in a wood workshop.

  This includes safety precautions for handling and using hand tools, power tools, and machines; sources of accidents; safety wears and equipment (e.g., goggles, fire extinguishers); materials handling, clothing, health, hazards, movement, machine operations, fire; and first aid.

• Identify, classify and state types of hand tools and safety precautions to be observed in using the tools.

  Hand tool classification and uses include geometrical and marking-out tools (try square, dividers, gauges); cutting tools (jack, smooth, try planes, spoke-shave, chisels, boring tools like ratchet and wheel braces, bits, drills, countersinks); impelling tools (hammer, mallet); and holding and supporting tools (G-cramp, F-cramp, bench vice). Maintenance involves sharpening plane cutters, chisels, drills, saw teeth, cleaning, lubricating, and storing.

• Explain and demonstrate the principles and the sequence of cutting and plane all surfaces and edges to flatness and squareness with its mark.

  This involves the sequence of preparing timber to size using woodwork bench tools like jack plane, hand saws, marking gauge, try square, rules, and smoothing plane.

• Interpret simple working drawings of wood work projects.

  This covers sketching and developing working drawings, and understanding conventional representations used in woodwork.

• List and describe common portable hand tools.

  Common portable hand tools include portable saw, planer, drill, sander, and jigsaw.

• Explain their operations and uses.

  Operations include planing, sawing, mitreing, drilling, sand-papering, and rebating.

• List, state and explain Wood working machines, its purpose, working principles of each machine and observe safety precautions.

  Basic woodworking machines, their various parts, and working principles cover surface planing, thicknessing, circular saw, mortising, cross cutting, drilling, and simple-ended tenoning machines.

• Carry out various operations and maintenance of the machines.

  This includes uses of drum dust, fume, and dust extractors, and maintenance of machines and tools (e.g., cleaning, lubricating, setting oil levels, replacing burnt fuses, bulbs, and worn drive belts).

• Identify common wood work joints and their uses.

  Types of woodwork joints include widening joints, angle joints, and frame joints.

• Identify the various types of frame construction and state where applicable.

  This includes types of frame and carcase constructions (e.g., simple framed carcase) and construction factors (e.g., rigidity, jointing methods, squareness of frame, joint types like butt and dowel, mortice and tenon, mitre and feather joints).

• State the advantages and disadvantages of each method.

  This covers types of Nigerian timbers and their properties (e.g., Abura, Agba, Mahogany).

• Identify the various types of Nigerian timbers and state their properties.

  This includes timber defects and their causes (e.g., splits, warp, twist, case-hardening, collapse), and damage from fungus, white ants, and woodborers.

• Identify common manufactured boards and state their uses.

  This covers common manufactured boards and their uses, such as plywood, lamin-board, block-board, and chip board, including properties like grain, figure, and density.

• State and describe types of adhesive and their composition e.g. protein, synthetic resin etc.

  Main types of adhesive include protein, synthetic resin and contact, animal, vegetable, and thermoplastics glues (PVC, ponal), their properties, preparation, and application.

• List and identify various types of fittings.

  This includes types of fittings (e.g., hinges, locks, handles, catches), their selection and application, and properties of materials used for common fittings (e.g., brass, mild steel, aluminium, plastics).

• Explain the purposes and state types of wood finishing materials.

  This covers the purposes of finishing wood and types of wood finishes (e.g., paints, varnishes, pigments).

• Describe the main features; and working principles, metal properties, operation and safety precautions of pull-over cross cutting machine.

  This includes features, principles of operation, safety precautions, various cutters and accessories, machine mounting, and routine service and maintenance.

• List, identify and explain features, parts, scope and principle of operating circular saw.

  This covers main features, scope, and operating principles of circular ripping saws.

• State safety instructions, fix and remove saw and riving knife; construct jigs, and fixtures, change speed, change, sharpen blade and lubricate the machine parts.

  This includes types of saws and their uses, shapes of saw teeth (hook, gullet), guards, riving knife, push stick, safe operational techniques, jigs or fixtures, saw speed calculation, machine operations, and machine lubrication.

• State the features and working principles of saw bench, its operation, state safety precautions and identify the metal/materials used in the manufacture of components parts.

  This covers features and principles of operation of a dimension saw, necessary safety precautions, metals/materials used in component manufacture, setting the blade into the spindle, and operations like cross-cutting to length, mitreing, tongue and groove, rebating, and ripping.

• Calculate spindle speed and peripherical speed of saw, mount the saw blades, and lubricate the machine parts.

  This covers maintenance, cleaning, and calculation of spindle and peripheral speed of the saw blade.

• State and list some of the precautions and common materials used in manufacturing the machine and explain the scope and principles of operation of the surface planer.

  This covers the surface planer, materials used in component manufacture (e.g., cutters, table, block), arrangement and functions of various parts, methods of adjusting tables and fence, and patent devices for resetting cutters.

• Observe the safety precautions involved while operating the machine, explain the purpose of devices and calculate the speed of the cutter.

  This covers necessary safety precautions, planing 'out of wind,' squaring, bevelling, rebating, use of back stops, push blocks and springs for safe working, and mounting and dismounting cutters.

• Describe and identify the features, functions of component and hazards of the machines.

  This covers working principles of thickness and combination planing machines, types of cutter blocks used, methods of sharpening and resetting cutters, power source, and use of jigs.

• Identify operating faults, calculate the speed of cutter block and feed rollers, sharpen and set cutter and perform routine service.

  This covers calculation of the number of cutter marks per 25cm, high or low cutter speed, and maintenance.

• List and explain types of rods, route sheets, the purposes and limitations and prepare setting out rod.

  This covers types of rods, route sheets, and cutting lists—their purposes and workshop use for production.

• Explain set-out rods, the purposes of a cutting list and type of cutting list.

  This covers differentiating between height and width rods (e.g., door, steel kitchen units, bookshelves), determining job cost, exploded orthographic and pictorial views, sketching, and route sheet preparation.

• Identify and explain the parts and working principles of narrow band saw, safety precautions, method of straining the saw blade and principles involved.

  This covers the narrow band saw machine, its functions, the materials and uses of each part, ensuring clean wheels, covered top and bottom wheels before operation, application of safety precautions (e.g., isolating power before fixing saw blades), and straining of the saw blade.

• Set up and use the machine for various operations, jigs, calculate the length of the blades, braze or butt weld the blades and perform routine service of the narrow band sawing machine.

  This covers care of wheels, guides, and guard; adjustment for efficient and safe working conditions; making and setting temporary fences; mounting saw blades and tracking; setting guides and guard; and production of simple jigs.

• State and describe the working principles, layout, types of job each machine cutter performs and type of clamping devices.

  This covers working principles of a mortising machine, types of cutters (hollow chisels, chain cutter, method of driving single head and combined chain, pitch of chains, correct combination of sprocket wheel, guide and chain for accurate work), different sizes of chisels, and use of stop bars for repetitive work.

• Explain the working principles of cutter blocks, state the types of job of each cutter, the spur cutters and state the relationship of tenoning – to mortising.

  This covers single-end tenoning machine, mounting cutters on the machine, split tapered cutter block, circular cutter block, scribing cutter block, spur cutters and their functions, setting vertical and horizontal adjustment, and setting head for accurate setups.

• Set up machine to produce tenons, backing piece, sharpen and cut off and balancing cutters.

  This covers the shape of scribing cutter for moulding operation, trenching, square tenoning, forked tenon and comb joints, producing jigs for safe and accurate production of angle tenons, sharpening and setting saws, and the purpose of balancing cutters, oiling, lubrication, and periodic cleaning.

• State the principles of boring machine. Identify major components, explain the scope of operation and safety precautions.

  This covers principles of operations of boring machine and major components (e.g., motor, chuck, spindle, pulleys, table, leverage clamping device).

• Choose the suitable bits mount and remove it, mark out the work pieces with simple jigs and fixtures.

  This covers selecting bits in chuck, checking work, and making patterns, jigs, and fixtures for single and double holes.