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course outline

Definition of Photography
- Definition of photography
- Different fields of photography
History of Photography
- Historical background
- Early pioneers
- Contemporary situation
Pinhole Camera
- Principles of pinhole camera
- Construction of a pinhole camera
- Operation of a pinhole camera
Types of Camera
- Different types of cameras - TLR, SLR, Range finders, Instamatics, Digital, View cameras
- Advantages and disadvantages of the cameras
- Functions of the parts and accessories
Camera Operation
- Demonstration on the operation of various camera types
Care and Maintenance of Cameras
- Maintaining a camera - including digital cameras
- Caring and maintaining lens
Components of Photographic Films
- Identification of film formats (110, 120, 135 film sheets, film packages)
- Film types - Coloured, Black and white
Types of Films
- Various types of films - Film Sheets, Film packs
Characteristics of Film
- Explanation on the characteristics of film - Standard ISO, ASA
- Film Speed/gains
Film Exposure
- Definition of exposure
- Function of Aperture/size variations
- Types of shutter/shutter speed
Focus
- Explanation on the word 'FOCUS'
- Demonstration on how to focus
Aperture and Shutter Speed
- Aperture
- Shutter speed
- Relationship between aperture and shutter
Loading and Unloading Film in a Camera
- Loading film for different cameras - SLR, TLR
- Unloading film for different cameras
Light
- Characteristics of light - Rectilinear propagation, Reflection, Refraction, Absorption, Dispersion
Sources of Light
- Natural light sources - Sun
- Artificial light sources - Electricity, Torch light, Tungsten light, Flash lights
Elements of Composition
- Space
- Line
- Tones
- Forms
Photographic Laboratory
- Definition of photographic laboratory
- Basic requirement for a photo laboratory - Light tight, Electricity and water supply, Adequate ventilation, allow work to proceed logically
- Basic layout of a photo lab - Wet areas, Dry areas
Photographic Laboratory Equipment
- Various equipment in a photo lab - enlarger, safe light, processing tanks, clocks, printing tongs, divers, guillotine etc.
Operation of Photo Lab Equipment
- Handling of various equipment - processing tanks/trays, enlarger, contact printer, dryer, guillotine, safe light
Photographic Laboratory Chemicals
- Various chemicals used in processing film and printing photograph
- Chemical contents of developer and fixer
Film Development
- Process of film development - Developer, Stop bath, Fixer, Water, Drying
- Different development techniques - Hard processing (dish), Hard processing (tank), Machine processing
- Factors affecting film development - Developer solution, Dilution, Time, Temperature agitation
Printing Procedure and Techniques
- Definition of printing in photography
- Printing process in photography
- Printing techniques in photography - Contact printing, Enlargement
- Photographic paper and their characteristics
- Enlarger and its operation
Safety Measures in a Photo Lab
- Methods of drying prints
- The need for safety in a photo lab
- Importance of careful handling of chemicals
- Measures to take in the event of an accident or chemical burns
Dry Mount
- Definition of dry mount
- Process of dry mounting
- Problems of dry mounting and how to solve them
Print Frames
- Necessity of framing a print
- Process of framing a print - Cropping, Bleeding, Mounting without an overmat, Mounting with an overmat
Storing of Photographic Material
- The need for storage of photographic materials
- Equipment needed for the storage of unexposed photographic materials, and the exposed photo-materials
Shutter and Aperture
- Description of shutter and aperture
- Shutter speed
- Relationship between shutter and aperture in picture taking and F-Number scale
Indoors Camera
- The process of loading and unloading
- The use of exposure-meter in setting the various controls in camera
- Framing and taking pictures
- Artificial lighting for indoor pictures - flash, lamps
Outdoors Camera
- Outdoor photography and the accessories required
- Method of panning when photographing a moving object
Types of Camera and Their Uses
- Different types of cameras - View finder, Reflex (Twins lens, Single lens), Field, Digital, Technical cameras
- Merits and Demerits of different types of cameras
- Operations of different types of camera
Camera Parts
- Different parts of camera - lens, View finder, Take-up spool, Sproket wheel etc.
- The usefulness of various parts of a camera
Camera Accessories and Their Uses
- Difference camera accessories - tripod, flash unit, cable release, Variety of lenses, Filters etc.
- The uses of the various accessories and their ability to enhance picture taking
Principles of Lenses and Their Uses
- The principles of lenses when light passes through them - principal focal point, optical centre, Axis etc.
- Calculation on the image size, total length, object distance using mathematical formulae
- The use of various types of lenses - fish eye lens, normal lens, telephoto lens
Caring for Camera and Lenses
- Various methods of taking proper care of camera and its accessories - Keep your lens cap on, Protect from dust or moisture, Use soft tissue to clean lens, Remove battery when not in use, Avoid abrasive chemicals

Photographic Practice

NABTEB

course outline