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All Systems Operational

Textile Trade syllabus for NABTEB | Learn | Learn by Rightal

NABTEB course

Textile Trade

NABTEB

186 topics sit in this course for NABTEB.

Practice Textile Trade All subjects

Learn/NABTEB/Syllabus/Textile Trade

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Topics with a public outline

Practice registration of designs by chemical, manual and photographic methods
Explains chemical, manual, and photographic methods for design registration, checking accurate registration of repeat units, and procedures for matching designs.
Explain basic properties of cotton and their effect on machine types and settings
Covers properties of cotton fibres and their effects on yarn production, including length, fineness, maturity, strength, and elongation.
Describe blow room machines, their parts and functions
Covers objectives, types, and functions of blow room machines, including processes like mixing, blending, feeding, lap grading, and waste collection.
Identify carding machine parts, state their functions and the processes involved
Explains the working of components like feed plate, rollers, grid bars, cylinder, flats, and doffer in a carding machine.
Explain methods of yarn clearing and identify simple yarn aults
Studies electrical, mechanical, and electronic methods of yarn clearing, and explains various yarn manufacturing faults such as slubs, knots, hairiness, and neps.

State object of combing, its preparation stages and identify combing machine parts, their functions and maintenance

Explains reasons for combing, pre-combing operations (sliver lap, ribbon lap), principles of combing, functions of machine parts (lap roller, feed roller, nipper knife, combs), hazards, atmospheric conditions, and machine maintenance.

Describe drawing operation and purpose of doubling and drafting. Also explain basic working of draw frame

Discusses drawing objectives (attenuation, evening irregularities), principle of drawing, drafting systems, types of coiling, functions of draw frame parts (lifting rollers, trumpet, drafting rollers, coiler mechanism), creeling types, atmospheric conditions, health/safety precautions, light indicators, abnormal noise, faulty stopping devices, sliver differences, and common sliver faults.

Understand the basic working principles of the speed frame, their parts and functions

Explains speed frame functions (weight reduction, package winding), object of twist insertion, types of speed frames, functions of drafting rollers, spindle, flyer, bobbin rail, optimum atmospheric conditions, safety hazards, operating procedures, creeling, threading rovings, piecing broken rovings, light indicators, and waste collection.

Define spinning frame, explain its principles, creeling systems, drafting and types of machines used in spinning

Defines spinning and yarn formation, discusses general spinning for various fibers (jute, wool, synthetics), and explains different creeling systems and drafting principles (roller, apron, combing).

List types of spinning machines and their major parts showing their functions and auxiliary equipment

Explains operations of ring and rotor spinning machines, functions of parts like creel, trumpet, draft roller, lappet, balloon ring separator, traveller, ring rail spindle, and identifies auxiliary equipment like pneumatic blowing machines.

Doubling Operations - State object of yarn doubling and their types. Single, double and cable; and explain their end uses

Covers objectives of doubling, types of yarns (textured, fancy, slub), single, double, and cable yarns with 'S' and 'Z' twists, tensioning, doubling machine components and functions, winding methods, package types (cheese, cones, pirn), winding machine components, tension devices, precision and drum winding, winding faults, safety precautions, and yarn clearing methods.

Identification and classification of various types of Textile Raw Materials

Defines fibres and classifies them into natural (cotton, flax, silk) and man-made (regenerated like cellulose acetate, synthetics like nylon, polyester).

Explain the history and principles of blowroom

Traces the history of spinning and explains the principles of cotton spinning from blowroom to ring spinning using a flowchart.

Explain the term weaving and differentiate between traditional and power loom

Illustrates end-uses of yarn, describes preparatory stages for weaving (sizing, warping, drawing-in), and provides a general definition of weaving.

Describe shearing, singeing, desizing, scouring and bleaching

Explains processes like shearing, singeing, desizing, scouring, bleaching, mercerization, purification machines, classification and application of dyes, primary/secondary colors, color application, dyeing machines, and finishing processes (washing, steaming, calendaring).

Identify basic designing methods and list various types of machines and materials used in printing

Identifies design materials, discusses idea development with colors, explains repeat systems (half drops, full drops), color separation techniques (tracing papers, kodatrace, stencils, photo emulsion), printing methods (block, stenciling, silk screen, roller, transfer, discharge), and printing machine workings.

Explain principles of drawing-in types of shafts, heads frame, their arrangement relative to weaves

Explains the principle of interlacing threads during weaving, the use of design paper, and the process of drawing-in, including types of shaft arrangements.

Describe the process of denting, types of reeds and types of denting

Describes the process and manner of denting (reeding) with a reed hook, types and sizes of reeds (e.g., 16s, 24s), and calculations for ends per dent.

Different between full and half gaiting

Explains how to prepare the loom for gaiting and differentiates between full and half gaiting processes, including practical application.

Explain the basic loom mechanism and identify primary, secondary and auxiliary motions. State the principles of shedding, picking, beat-up let-off motion, take-off motion in weaving

Describes primary motions (shedding, picking, beat-up), mechanisms of a power-driven loom, principles of let-off and take-up motions, importance of warp protector motions (warp-stop, weft-stop, shuttle protector), and the use of design paper for interlacing warp and weft.

Weaving operation

Covers operating pirn and shuttle transfer, checking protective motions, starting/stopping the loom, planning/weaving fabrics, mending yarn breaks with weavers' knots, repairing faulty looms, and removing woven fabric.

Outline safety precautions for loom operation. Carry out all operations from starting loom run through let-off to take up and stoping of the loom

Details cleaning, oiling, and greasing the loom, indicating loom timing for setting, and observing safety precautions during weaving.

Identify different types of yarn, component, counts, counting system and yarn calculations by use of conversion tables

Discusses various types of yarns from natural and man-made fibres, yarn counts and numbering systems (tex, denier, cotton count, worsted), defining each, and performing calculations for ply yarns in direct and indirect systems.

Explain winding principles winding relative to yarn tension, angle of wind and package diameter

Studies and explains the principles and reasons for yarn winding, including yarn tension, angle of wind, and package diameter. Covers winding speeds, surface speeds, patterning, coil angle calculations, and effects of bad packaging.

Explain warping principles and reasons for identifying warping machines and functions of creel used in warping operation and maintain warping machine

Studies the principles and reasons for warping, preparations like sizing, describes warping machines (ball, beam, sectional), identifies and explains types of creels, and covers creel arrangement and alignment for operating warping machines.

Equipment and Materials. Identify drawing tools equipment and materials

Explains the use of drawing instruments and equipment, identifies paper quality (cartridge, newsprint, cardboard), and covers storage and maintenance of tools and materials.

Explain elements and principles of drawing in textiles

Explains drawing as a medium of expression, application of lines (curves, straight, zig-zag) for shapes/forms/motifs, idea development, life/object drawing, identification of colors (primary, secondary), color wheel, monochrome/polychrome coloring, and color harmony/contrast.

Explain how drawing materials is used to achieve the elements and principles of drawing

Explains design elements (lines, shapes, colors, size, direction, value), pigment theory of color (harmony, contrast), practical design work, identifying real/imitation wax and madras, making designs from various sources, advanced designs, repeat/non-repeat forms, color ways, traditional/contemporary concepts, designer's role, and preparing for designing/painting.

Dsicuss and practice transfer of paper design onto screen; and materials used; emphasis on registration camera used, and stencil types

Explains transferring paper stencils, profilm, photo emulsion onto screens for flat/rotary printing, etching/engraving for roller printing, use of tracing papers, transparent films, opaque colors, tracing boxes, synthetic/metal meshes, printing paste, ink, stencils, proper storage, repairing damages, and servicing equipment.

Discuss block, screen and roller printing

Discusses block printing (preparing lino, wood stencils), screen printing (block-out agents, poor registration correction), screen material preparation, rotary screen printing, roller printing (mechanical/manual transfer), blocking screens with gum/polish/shellac/lacquer/bichromate, developing rotary screens, engraving copper rollers, smoothing/polishing, printing faults, and test printing.

Prduce accurate and neat copies of ideas to be printed, colour separation and enlargement of designs

Demonstrates practical work on developed screens, making color separations for different colored shapes, and practicing color separation methods for resist, silk screen, rotary, and roller printing.

Properties Of Textile Raw Materials

This module explains the basic properties of cotton and their effects on machinery, along with reasons for ginning, baling, and conditioning.

Identify classes of dyes and their application techniques

Classifies dyes (direct, acid, sulphur) by fabric type, discusses dyeing auxiliaries, features of dyes, and basic dyeing procedures for different fabrics.

Setting and laying of table and screen for uniform printing

Demonstrates the procedure for setting out materials and tables for printing, ensuring proper placement for good registration.

Identify printing faults and their correction

Identifies and explains printing faults like blotting and poor registration, their causes, and methods for rectification.

Understand singeing and describe its process, objectives singeing and safety precautions

Defines singeing and explains gas, hot plate, and cylinder singeing with diagrams. Explains the aim of singeing (burning off hairy surface) and cleaning procedures for safety.

Describe desizing process

Discusses desizing agents, their composition and uses, properties of sizes and their removal, reasons for desizing (e.g., preventing uneven dyeing), and methods such as alkaline, acid, and enzyme desizing. Includes operating desizing equipment.

Explain principles of scouring and observe the importance of temperature time and chemical concentrations

Explains scouring purpose (removal of soils/waxes for effective dyeing), describes equipment and chemicals, and covers methods like rope form, open width, continuous, and batch-wise. Emphasizes conditions for effective scouring: temperature, time, and chemical concentration.

Explain the chemistry of bleaching agents and bleaching process

Explains the purpose of bleaching, required agents for vegetable/animal fibres (oxidizing/reducing), and the reactions of bleaching agents based on end-use, handle, and dyeing requirements (e.g., hypochlorite or hydrogen peroxide for cotton).

Understand mercerization and describe its effect on fabric and factors that affects its process

Defines mercerization, describes its process with diagrams, explains its purpose and imparted qualities (elasticity, increased tensile strength, high affinity for dyes), and factors affecting it (caustic soda concentration, impregnation, temperature, dwell time, wetting agent, neutralization).

Describe pre-treatment process of polyester cellulose blends and synthetic fibre fabric

Explains the process for pre-treating blends of polyester/cellulose and other synthetic fibre fabrics.

Study carbonizing and explain the process and its objectives (emphasis should be made on wool)

Explains wool carbonizing, describes the carbonizing process for wool, and discusses its aim.

Wool scouring process

Explains the process of scouring wool in rope form in dolly machines, moving it through warm detergent solutions of diminishing strength, and the care required due to wool's sensitivity to boiling water and alkaline solutions.

Draw and label a schematic diagram of washing range

Creates a labeled diagram of a washing range, showing the washing mangle, steaming unit, and drying cylinder, and conducts a washing run.

Describe general routine maintenance and repairs carried out

Practices loosening/tightening screws and nuts, removing parts with jacks/forklifts, aligning race board height, removing wooden/plastic/metallic parts, tidying work, and identifying different fuses used in the weaving shed, and explains their uses.

Explain light composition and relationship between light and colour fan object

Explains the nature of light, wavelength, light energy, visible spectrum, and the effect of light on matter (reflection, transmission, absorption), including experiments with prisms.

State theory of dyeing and explain affinity in dyeing. Describe dye bath preparation, classification of dyes for different fabrics

Explains color mixing (subtractive process), absorption, diffusion, fixation, the swelling effect of alkali on cotton and its affinity for dyestuff, dyeing different fabrics, and classifying dyes by application.

Carry out fastness test and show how it affects fabric and use

Discusses light, wash, rubbing, perspiration, and sublimation fastness properties of dyed textiles. Explains the relationship between fabric end use and required fastness properties, and conducts various tests.

Understand finishing and common types of finishing in textile industries

Defines finishing as applied to textiles, its types and objectives such as imparting aesthetics, improving serviceability, and adding special properties.

Mechanical Finishing Processes

Explain adjustment of dimensions (stentering); heat setting of thermo plastic; thickness increase by raising and reduction by calendaring. Explain Calendering (Friction, Schreiner), Brushing, Embossing, Sanforizing, Shearing, Milling for wool/blends, and Beetling for linen fabric.

Enumerate the functions of fluorescent Brightening Agents, and methods of applying FBA

Describes bleaching errors (yellowing, weakening, chlorine damage to wool), functions of fluorescent brightening agents (FBA), and methods of application like exhaustion and padding, including conducting experiments.

State reasons for ginning, baleing and conditioning and how these affect fibre length, colour, and degree of opening

Includes ginning objectives, baling, storage, and conditioning processes for cotton.

Identify tools and equipment used in textile printing and their routine maintenance

Describes tools and equipment for printing (screen frame, squeegee) and covers their routine maintenance.

Explain safety precautions and state sequence of blow room operation and how their varying atmospheric conditions affect lap quality

Focuses on the stage-by-stage blow room process, health hazards, safety precautions, and the impact of atmospheric conditions on lap quality.

Identify types of sizing machine and state the functions of the various parts

Studies and describes hot air chamber and multi-cylinder sizing machines, discusses sizing ingredients, assesses size take-ups, discusses components (warp beams, sow box, squeeze rollers, lease rods, dry range, combs), and covers sizing operations and maintenance.

Identify a typical doubling machine faults and control

Focuses on identifying and controlling faults in doubling machines using diagrams.

Explain the difference between natural and man-made fibres, showing how their physical properties affects their reaction

Studies differences in structure, growth, production, and physical properties (length, maturity, tensile strength, weight, effect of heat, elasticity, elongation, sunlight).

Fixing of heads by weave pattern, drafting warp ends through the head eyes and head shaft calculations

Describes wooden and metal heald frames, twin and metal type healds, drawing yarns through healds according to drafts, fixing wires on shafts, interpreting design paper, calculations for ends, and checking/correcting drawing-in mistakes.

Identify types of combing, machines, silver conversion to rovings and difference between S and Z twists

Identifies blowroom machines, reasons for carding and combing, explains carding and combing processes, objects of drafting, roller settings, twist factor calculations, and direct/indirect yarn numbering systems.

Describe various method of heat setting with emphasis on crabbing

Explains dry, steam, and wet heat setting methods for thermoplastic fibers (polyester, polyamide, acrylic), and uses diagrams to explain crabbing process for wool as a heat setting method.

Show the primary motions and secondary motions of the loom

Explains types of yarn packages (cone, cheese) and winding methods, principle of winding, and discussions on warp beams with creels.

Explain the working principles of dyeing machines, dye auxiliaries and their objects

Explains the use and examples of dyeing auxiliaries: electrolytes, retarding agents, accelerants, levelling agents, wetting agents, dispersing agents, and carriers. Discusses continuous (pad steam, pad thermostolic) and batch-wise (jigger, winch, beam, package) dyeing machineries and their workings.

Blow Room Operation

This module covers the operation of blow room machines, including their functions, safety precautions, and the impact of atmospheric conditions on lap quality.

Explain with a sketch card drive system, describe the process and show the coiling process

Illustrates the drive system, sequential carding process, and the coiling of sliver into a spring.

Operate roller and determine resist agent thickness

Explains proper setting for rotary printing, preparing fabric, demonstrating printing skills with flat screen, operating roller/rotary machines, techniques for spraying/printing fiber blends, squeegee pulls, resist agent thickness, and drying chambers.

Describe various types of yarn packages, conditioning and show how yarn weight, relative humidity, and moisture regain content can be calculated

Studies yarn winding and packaging systems (cone, cheese, pirn), principles of yarn conditioning, and formulas for calculating yarn weight, relative humidity, and moisture regain.

Describe scouring bleaching and chlorination process

Explains processes for bleaching vegetable and animal fibres/yarns, applying bleaching agents to cotton and wool, and the normal process of bleaching wool using sulfur dioxide gas and hydrogen peroxide, discussing effects of chlorination on wool.

Compare and contrast chemical and mechanical finishing

Compares types of finishing, their effects, mechanical finishing processes (calendaring, brushing, embossing, raising, sanforizing, milling), and chemical finishing processes (resin, softening, water-repellent, flame retardant, anti-static).

Describe twist insertion methods, show the difference between S and Z twists

Explains twist insertion using spindle and flyer, and differentiates between 'Z' and 'S' twists with illustrations.

Identify types of pirn winding machines and state the importance of pirn size and length

Identifies and explains the operation of pirn winding machines (automatic, semi-automatic, fully automatic, super speed automatic), and explains the importance of pirn size, shape, and length. Includes learning machine operation and maintenance.

Describe type of spindle drives, start and stop devices. Explain standard spinning atmospheric conditions, creel of the roving through the trumpet and correct threading through the traveler, balloon and piece up systems. Identify simple faults in spinning machines

Discusses spindle drives, health/safety hazards, standard atmospheric conditions, correct creeling, threading, piecing broken ends, doffing, and controlling faults like neps, slubs, and yarn irregularity.

State the purpose of light panel indicating control panel and their interpretation

Details the control panel's purpose and interpretation of indicating lights such as green, yellow, and red.

Carding Process

This module explores the carding process, including machine identification, drive systems, and fault correction.

Describe various methods of fibre identification, principles of carrying out the tests and instruments you can use

Covers effects of physical properties on end-uses, chemical properties (reaction to acids/alkalines), and identification methods (optical, physical burning, chemical) with associated testing instruments.

Explain these dyeing terms: electrolytes retarding agents etc

Explains padding and exhaustion dyeing methods, dyeing methods for fibre blend fabrics (solid, cross dyeing), reasons for these methods, conducting dyeing operations for polyester/cotton blends, purpose of stripping and redyeing, correcting faulty dyeing, and after-treatment methods (cationic fixing agent, sodium acetate, oxidation).

Define knitting and give a brief history of knitting. Differentiate between weft and warp knitted fabric showing their basic structures and explain the elements of knitting

Explains sizing, drawing-in methods for different weave structures, principles of interlacing yarns, traditional vs. power looms, primary (shedding, picking, beat-up) and secondary (let-off, take-up) motions, simple weave structures, knitting history, warp/weft knitting differences, knitting machines, knitted structures, knitting elements (needles), and non-woven methods (bonded, felted, lace).

Describe piece laps on cards, correct piece broken slivers, doffing, card faults and correction of abnormal noise form card machine

Covers atmospheric effects on sliver, health and safety hazards, piecing broken slivers, doffing, identifying and remedying carding faults, and machine maintenance.

Explain various drying methods and multi-colour technique

Covers different drying chambers and their timing for curing, and explains multi-color printing techniques and equipment (flat screen, rotary, Duplex).

Yarn numbering systems, cop building devices relative to ballooning and its effects

Covers cotton yarn numbering systems (tex, denier, cotton counts), cop building on spinning machines, and the phenomenon and effects of ballooning.

Explain importance of mixing and blending relative to wastes, reusable, raw materials, correct weighting on standard lap formation and how this affect and cleaning of machine

Emphasizes mixing ratios, correct mixing of reusable waste, weighing and grading laps, and the necessity for waste collection and machine cleaning.

Combing Process

This module focuses on the objectives, preparation stages, and maintenance of combing machines.

Draw Frame Operations

This module covers drawing operations, the purpose of doubling and drafting, and the basic workings of draw frames.

Speed Frame Operations

This module details the basic working principles, parts, and functions of speed frame machines.

Principles of RingSpinning

This module defines spinning frame principles, creeling systems, drafting, and twist insertion methods, including yarn numbering.

Spinning Machines

This module lists types of spinning machines, their parts, functions, and covers spindle drives, safety devices, and fault identification.

Yarn Preparation

This module covers doubling operations, types of yarns, winding, and yarn clearing.

Textile Raw Materials: Fibres

This module identifies and classifies textile raw materials, explains differences between natural and man-made fibres, and describes fibre identification methods.

Conversion of Fibre to Yarn: Spinning

This module covers the history and principles of blowroom, carding, combing, drafting, and ring spinning processes.

Conversion of Yarn to Fabric

This module explains weaving, differentiates between traditional and power looms, and covers primary/secondary loom motions. It also defines knitting, its history, types, and elements.

Fabric Purification, Colouration and Finishing

This module describes various fabric purification processes, dyeing methods, and finishing techniques.

Illustrate Mechanical Finishes with Equipment Diagrams

Use diagrams and drawings of equipment to illustrate mechanical finishing processes.

Illustrate Chemical Finishes with Equipment Diagrams

Use diagrams and drawings of equipment to illustrate chemical finishing processes.

Designing

This module identifies basic designing methods, types of printing machines, and materials used in textile printing.

Drawing Operation

This module explains the principles of drawing-in, types of shafts and heald frames, and their arrangement relative to weaves.

Denting Operations

This module describes the process of denting, types of reeds, and methods of denting.

Weaving Process

This module explains the basic loom mechanism, identifies primary, secondary, and auxiliary motions, and details the principles of shedding, picking, and beat-up.

Loom Maintenance

This module outlines safety precautions for loom operation and the procedures for starting, running, and stopping the loom.

Types of Yarns

This module identifies different types of yarn, their components, counting systems, and calculations. It also covers yarn packages, conditioning, and weight calculations.

Yarn Clearing

This module explains methods of yarn clearing and identifies simple yarn faults.

Winding

This module explains winding principles related to yarn tension, angle of wind, and package diameter.

Warping Process

This module explains warping principles, reasons, identifies warping machines, and functions of creel used in warping operations.

Pirn Winding

This module explains the principles of pirn winding and identifies types of pirn winding machines.

Sizing Operations

This module explains the principles of sizing, identifies types of sizing machines, and states the functions of various parts.

Drawing Tools

This module identifies drawing tools, equipment, and materials, covering their storage and maintenance.

Drawing For Textiles

This module explains the elements and principles of drawing in textiles, including lines, idea development, forms, and color theory.

Textile Design

This module explains how drawing materials are used to achieve the elements and principles of design.

Transfer Materials, Tools and Equipment

This module discusses and practices the transfer of paper designs onto screens, including materials, registration cameras, and stencil types.

Printing Chemical Tools

This module discusses block, screen, and roller printing methods, including material preparation and fault correction.

Tracing Methods and Colour Separation

This module focuses on producing accurate copies of designs, color separation, and design enlargement.

Design Registration

This module covers practicing registration of designs using chemical, manual, and photographic methods.

Printing Chemical Tools and Equipment

This module identifies classes of dyes and their application techniques, along with tools and equipment used in textile printing.

Printing Procedure and Processes

This module covers setting and laying tables for uniform printing, operating roller printing, determining resist agent thickness, and explaining drying methods.

Faults in Textile Printing

This module identifies printing faults, their causes, and rectification methods.

Singeing

This module explains the singeing process, its objectives, and necessary safety precautions.

Desizing

This module describes the desizing process and methods for testing the quality of desized goods.

Scouring

This module explains the principles of scouring and emphasizes the importance of temperature, time, and chemical concentrations.

Textile Bleaching

This module explains the chemistry of bleaching agents and processes, and enumerates the functions and application methods of fluorescent brightening agents.

Mercerization

This module defines mercerization, describes its effects on fabric, and discusses factors influencing the process.

Setting of Wool and Thermoplastic Fibres

This module explains the mechanism of heat setting thermoplastic fabrics and various methods, with emphasis on crabbing.

Pre-treatment of Synthetic Fibre Fabrics

This module describes the pre-treatment process for polyester-cellulose blends and other synthetic fibre fabrics.

Carbonizing

This module covers carbonizing, explaining its process and objectives with a focus on wool.

Pre-Treatment of Fibres and Yarns

This module describes wool scouring, bleaching, and chlorination processes for fibres and yarns.

Washing Ranges

This module focuses on drawing and labeling a schematic diagram of a washing range.

Maintenance of Textile Equipment and Machinery

This module describes general routine maintenance and repairs, and lists elements and functions of spinning machines.

Principles of Light and Colour

This module explains light composition and the relationship between light and color.

Dyeing and Dyeing Machinery

This module covers the theory of dyeing, affinity, dye bath preparation, and classification of dyes. It also explains dyeing machine principles, auxiliaries, and various dyeing terms.

Test of Fastness Properties

This module covers conducting fastness tests and understanding their impact on fabric and end-use.

Purposes and Effects of Finishing

This module defines finishing, its common types in the textile industry, and compares chemical and mechanical finishing processes.

Finishing Operation

Explain the working principles of finishing machines and processes using sketches.