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course outline

INTRODUCTION TO PHOTOGRAPHY
- Meaning of photography
- Functions/Uses of Photography - Record events
- Functions/Uses of Photography - Visual communication (e.g. advertising, journalism, scientific, artistic expression)
- Branches/Areas of Photography - Fashion
- Branches/Areas of Photography - Advertising
- Branches/Areas of Photography - Photojournalism (Documentary, Photo-Essay)
- Branches/Areas of Photography - Forensic
- Branches/Areas of Photography - Nature
- Branches/Areas of Photography - Underwater
- Branches/Areas of Photography - Sports
- Branches/Areas of Photography - Architectural
- Branches/Areas of Photography - Events (Wedding, Birthday)
- Branches/Areas of Photography - Portraiture
- Branches/Areas of Photography - Still Life
HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY
- Origin of Camera and Photography
- Development of Photography in Nigeria
- Pioneers of Photography - Europe & America
- Pioneers of Photography - Nigeria
TERMINOLOGIES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- Exposure
- Develop
- Print
- Enlarge
- Focus
- Aperture (F-Number)
- Shutter Speed
- Perspective
- Image
- Intensity
- Light
- Composition
LIGHT IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- Source of light - Natural (e.g. Sun and Moon)
- Source of light - Artificial (e.g. Flash, Studio lighting)
- Properties of light - Absorption
- Properties of light - Reflection
- Properties of light - Transmission
- Properties of light - Refraction
- Properties of light - Dispersion
THE CAMERA
- Principles underlying the design of Camera (Pinhole Camera) - Light tight (insulation from unwanted light)
- Principles underlying the design of Camera (Pinhole Camera) - Light inlet (opening for wanted light)
- Principles underlying the design of Camera (Pinhole Camera) - Viewing system
- Principles underlying the design of Camera (Pinhole Camera) - Image formation
- Basic Part of an SLR/35mm Camera and their functions
- Categories and Types of Camera
- Camera Categories - Analogue
- Camera Categories - Digital
- Camera Types - Compact
- Camera Types - Range Finder
- Camera Types - Single Lens Reflex (SLR) / 35mm
- Camera Types - Medium Format (Twin Lens and SLR)
- Camera Types - Large Format Camera
- Camera Types - Instamatic
- Lenses - Principles: Refraction
- Lenses - Principles: Reflection
- Lenses - Principles: Dispersion
- Lenses - Principles: Diffraction
- Lenses - Difference between Concave (negative) and Convex (positive) lenses
- Lenses - Focal length (normal, short and long)
- Lenses - Relationship between lens and apertures
- Lenses - Types: Normal / Standard
- Lenses - Types: Wide angle
- Lenses - Types: Telephoto
- Lenses - Types: Zoom
- Lenses - Uses of Camera lenses
- Maintenance of Camera - Keep away from dirt and oil
- Maintenance of Camera - Protect lens from dust
- Maintenance of Camera - Use of Camera strap
- Maintenance of Camera - Careful handling
FILM
- The nature of film - Light Sensitive and Chemical Composition
- Film Types - Black and White
- Film Types - Colour
- Film Format - 110
- Film Format - 35mm
- Film Format - 120/220
- Film Format - Sheet film
- Film Speed (ISO) - Meaning
- Film Speed (ISO) - Examples: ASA 32 – 125 (Slow Speed)
- Film Speed (ISO) - Examples: ASA 40 – 200 (Medium Speed)
- Film Speed (ISO) - Examples: ASA 400 and above (Fast Speed)
TAKING OF PHOTOGRAPHS
- Processes involved - Preparation: Loading film
- Processes involved - Preparation: Setting the camera
- Processes involved - Preparation: Prepare Subject
- Processes involved - Preparation: Set up lighting Equipment (Studio)
- Processes involved - Preparation: Study outdoor weather Condition (Outdoor)
- Processes involved - Preparation: Setting appropriate aperture/shutter combination
- Processes involved - Taking Photograph: Handling the camera
- Processes involved - Taking Photograph: Composing
- Processes involved - Taking Photograph: Focusing
- Processes involved - Taking Photograph: Shooting
- Composition - Meaning
- Composition - Elements: Line
- Composition - Elements: Shape
- Composition - Elements: Space
- Composition - Elements: Colour
- Composition - Elements: Angle
- Composition - Elements: Centre of interest
- Composition - Elements: Background
- Composition - Elements: Closeness
- Composition - Elements: Form
- Composition - Elements: Texture
THE DARK ROOM/FILM DEVELOPMENT
- Layout and Requirements - Layout (dry and wet areas)
- Layout and Requirements - Requirements: Light tight
- Layout and Requirements - Requirements: Good ventilation (Air conditioner)
- Layout and Requirements - Requirements: Water
- Layout and Requirements - Requirements: Waste outlet
- Layout and Requirements - Requirements: Flat working surfaces
- Tools and Equipment - Measures
- Tools and Equipment - Containers
- Tools and Equipment - Funnels
- Tools and Equipment - Thermometers
- Tools and Equipment - Timers
- Tools and Equipment - Developing Tanks
- Tools and Equipment - Safe Light
- Tools and Equipment - Enlarger
- Tools and Equipment - Dryer
- Tools and Equipment - Developing Trays/Dishes
- Tools and Equipment - Spiral Spool
- Tools and Equipment - Light Box
- Chemicals - Developer
- Chemicals - Fixers
- Chemicals - Stop bath
- Film Development Processes - Dilution of developer
- Film Development Processes - Loading of the film into the tank or see-saw method
- Film Development Processes - Pouring and timing the action of developer in the tank
- Film Development Processes - Rinsing with water/Stop bath
- Film Development Processes - Fixing of film
- Film Development Processes - Pouring out of Fixer and rinsing with water/Stop bath
- Film Development Processes - Drying of negative
- Safety Measures - Apron/Lab Coat
- Safety Measures - Rubber Gloves
- Safety Measures - Avoid sudden movement
- Safety Measures - First aid (for chemical burns)
- Safety Measures - Proper Storage of Chemical
PRINTING OF PHOTOGRAPHS
- Materials and Equipment - Enlarger
- Materials and Equipment - Safe light
- Materials and Equipment - Printing Paper
- Materials and Equipment - Printing Frame
- Materials and Equipment - Developer and Fixer
- Materials and Equipment - Developing Trays/Dishes
- Materials and Equipment - Dryer
- Materials and Equipment - Guillotine/Trimmer
- Printing Process - Dilution of developer and fixer
- Printing Process - Printing of Photograph (using enlarger)
- Printing Process - Production of Contact Print
- Printing Process - Selection of exposure for printing
- Printing Process - Exposure on paper
- Printing Process - Developing
- Printing Process - Rinsing with water or Stop bath
- Printing Process - Fixing
- Drying and Storage of Photographs - Methods of Drying: Dryer
- Drying and Storage of Photographs - Methods of Drying: Open air
- Drying and Storage of Photographs - Methods of Storing Negatives: Printing Paper Pack and Cellophane Jackets
- Drying and Storage of Photographs - Methods of Storing Photographs: Photo Albums and Mounting on Photo Frame
- Drying and Storage of Photographs - Methods of Storing Chemicals: Jerry Can (preferably black)
DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY
- Differences and similarities between traditional (analogue) and digital photography
- The development of digital photography
- Equipment for Digital Photography - Digital Camera
- Equipment for Digital Photography - Computer
- Equipment for Digital Photography - Printer
- Software for Digital Photography - Adobe Photoshop
- Software for Digital Photography - PhotoEditor
- Software for Digital Photography - Photopaint
- Software for Digital Photography - Fireworks
- Software for Digital Photography - Picasa
- Input Devices - Scanner
- Input Devices - Digital Camera
- Input Devices - Compact Disc
- Input Devices - Flash Drive
- Input Devices - Zip
- Output Devices - Printer
- Output Devices - Computer monitor
- Output Devices - Internet
EXHIBITION OF PHOTOGRAPHS
- Procedure - Mounting and framing
- Procedure - Space acquisition
- Procedure - Publicity
- Procedure - Display of photograph

Topics

Pioneers of Photography - Europe & America
Nicephore Niepce, Louis Daguerre, Williams Fox Talbot, Edwin Land, George Eastman
Pioneers of Photography - Nigeria
Jonathan Adagogo Green, Dotun Okubanjo, J.D. Okhai Ojeikere, Sunmi Smart Cole, Philip Trimmnel, Peter Obe, Goerge Oshodi, Andrew Esiebo, Kelechi Amadi-obi, Akintunde Akinleye, George Dacosta

Photography

WAEC WASSCE

course outline

Topics

Pioneers of Photography - Europe & America

Pioneers of Photography - Nigeria